Participatory Budgeting in Makueni County, Kenya

Makueni County in Kenya is a leading example of successful Participatory Budgeting (PB) implementation. Since 2013, the county has integrated PB into its development planning, enabling residents to co-determine priorities and allocate resources for local projects. This process, embedded within the county’s governance framework, demonstrates how PB can drive inclusive development and enhance community trust in public institutions.

Key Features

01 Community-Led Planning and Prioritization

Makueni residents participate in structured public forums at sub-ward, ward, and county levels to identify and prioritize development projects. These forums ensure representation from diverse groups, including women, youth, and marginalized populations.

• Example: In 2016/2017, 32% of the county’s development budget was allocated through participatory processes, addressing infrastructure gaps identified by residents .

02 Transparency and Accountability Mechanisms

The county uses public reporting and mapping to ensure transparency in the selection and implementation of projects. Mapping exercises identify underserved areas, allowing for equitable resource distribution.

• Insight: Transparent processes build trust and encourage continued community engagement .

03 Capacity Building

Training sessions are held to empower residents and local leaders to engage effectively in the PB process. These sessions include budget analysis, project proposal development, and monitoring skills.

• Impact: Increased community capacity ensures that PB decisions are informed and sustainable over time .

04 Integration into Governance Frameworks

PB is institutionalized within Makueni’s annual development planning cycle. This ensures that the process is not a one-off exercise but a sustained approach to inclusive governance.

• Example: The county government collaborates with civil society organizations to enhance the legitimacy and impact of PB processes .

Outcomes

01 Improved Equity and Resource Allocation

PB has led to more equitable distribution of resources across Makueni County. Underserved communities now have better access to infrastructure and services.

02 Enhanced Community Trust in Government

Residents report greater confidence in the county government’s ability to deliver services. Transparent decision-making has reduced corruption perceptions and fostered collaboration between citizens and authorities.

03 Replication Potential

Makueni’s success provides a replicable model for other counties in Kenya and beyond. It highlights the importance of integrating PB into legal frameworks and investing in capacity building .

Lessons Learned

01 Political Will is Essential

Strong leadership and commitment from the county government have been critical to the success of PB in Makueni.

02 Continuous Engagement Yields Results

Ongoing community participation and capacity building ensure that PB processes remain relevant and impactful over time.

03 Transparency Builds Trust

Clear rules, public reporting, and participatory monitoring have strengthened accountability and trust in PB outcomes.